Review of "Images of Public Wealth or the Anatomy of Well in Indigenous Amazonia" by Fernando Santos-Granero (Ed.)

El siguiente artículo es una reseña sobre el libro "Images of Public Wealth or the Anatomy of Well-Being in Indigenous Amazonia" (2015), el cual muestra una serie de estudios realizados por varios investigadores en comunidades indígenas del Amazonas. A través de diversas investigaciones, este libro analiza diferentes perspectivas sobre riqueza pública, la cual gira entorno a nociones de bienestar, acumulación, reparto, etc. y refleja el valor dado a lo colectivo, lo simbólico y lo moral. A su vez, los casos analizados reflejan cómo las visiones indígenas proporcionan enfoques que cuestionan la concepción de riqueza propia de la sociedad y el sistema capitalista, contradiciendo su máxima universalizadora y poniendo sobre la mesa el debate alrededor del desarrollo y la riqueza.El siguiente artículo es una reseña sobre el libro "Images of Public Wealth or the Anatomy of Well-Being in Indigenous Amazonia" (2015), el cual muestra una serie de estudios realizados por varios investigadores en comunidades indígenas del Amazonas. A través de diversas investigaciones, este libro analiza diferentes perspectivas sobre riqueza pública, la cual gira entorno a nociones de bienestar, acumulación, reparto, etc. y refleja el valor dado a lo colectivo, lo simbólico y lo moral. A su vez, los casos analizados reflejan cómo las visiones indígenas proporcionan enfoques que cuestionan la concepción de riqueza propia de la sociedad y el sistema capitalista, contradiciendo su máxima universalizadora y poniendo sobre la mesa el debate alrededor del desarrollo y la riqueza.El siguiente artículo es una reseña sobre el libro "Images of Public Wealth or the Anatomy of Well-Being in Indigenous Amazonia" (2015), el cual muestra una serie de estudios realizados por varios investigadores en comunidades indígenas del Amazonas. A través de diversas investigaciones, este libro analiza diferentes perspectivas sobre riqueza pública, la cual gira entorno a nociones de bienestar, acumulación, reparto, etc. y refleja el valor dado a lo colectivo, lo simbólico y lo moral. A su vez, los casos analizados reflejan cómo las visiones indígenas proporcionan enfoques que cuestionan la concepción de riqueza propia de la sociedad y el sistema capitalista, contradiciendo su máxima universalizadora y poniendo sobre la mesa el debate alrededor del desarrollo y la riqueza.The following article is a review of the book “Images of Public Wealth or the Being in Indigenous Amazonia” (2015), which shows a series of studies conducted by several researchers in Amazonian indigenous communities. Through various researches, this book analyses different perspectives on public wealth, which is related to notions of well-being, accumulation, distribution, etc. and reflects the value given to the collective, the symbolic and the moral. In addition, the analysed cases reflect how indigenous views provide insights that question the conception of wealth of the capitalist society and system, contradicting its universalizing maxim and putting on the table the debate around development and wealth

Organogenesis and plant regeneration of Arachis villosa Benth. (Leguminosae) through leaf culture

With the aim of developing an efficient plant regeneration protocol, leaflet explants of three accessions of Arachis villosa Benth. (S2866, S2867 and L97) were cultured on basic Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different combinations of plant growth regulators: α-naphthalenacetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin and thidiazuron. The accession L97 was the only one able to differentiate buds through indirect organogenesis. The most suitable combination for bud regeneration was the basic medium added with 13.62 μM thidiazuron and 4.44 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. These results show the important role of the genotype in morphogenetic responses and the organogenetic effect of thidiazuron in Arachis villosa accession L97. A thidiazuron lacking media (only 0.54 μM α-naphthalenacetic acid, 13.95 μM kinetin and 13.32 μM 6-benzylaminopurine were added) promoted the elongation of the regenerated buds. Adventitious rooting was achieved 90 days after the isolated shoots were transferred to a rooting medium containing 0.54 μM α-naphthalenacetic acid.Fil: Fontana, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Mroginski, Luis Amado. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Rey de Badaró, Hebe Yolanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentin

Socially skillful children: How much influence do positive emotions and empathy have?

El análisis de los factores que propician el desarrollo de habilidades sociales en la niñez constituye un reto de gran relevancia para la psicología actual. El objetivo del estudio realizado fue analizar si la empatía y la experiencia de emociones positivas impactan significativamente sobre la ejecución de habilidades sociales en la niñez media, y en qué medida lo hace cada una. Se seleccionó una muestra no aleatoria de 406 niños (227 niñas y 179 varones), comprendidos mayor mente entre los 10 y 12 años de edad, quienes completaron los siguientes instrumentos, previo consentimiento de sus padres: (a) la Subescala de Habilidades Sociales Adecuadas (Matson, Rotatori & Helsel, 1983), validada a la Argentina por Schulz (2008), (b) la Escala Multidimensional de Empatía para niños argentinos (Richaud de Minzi, Lemos & Oros, 2013) y (c) el Cuestionario Infantil de Emociones Positivas (Oros, 2014). Para analizar la acción conjunta de las emociones positivas y la empatía sobre las habilidades sociales apropiadas, se ejecutó un ANOVA factorial con un diseño 3 (alta, moderada y baja emocionalidad positiva) x 3 (alta, moderada y baja empatía). La variable dependiente estuvo constituida por los valores brutos de la Subescala de Habilidades Sociales Adecuadas. Los resultados indicaron que las emociones positivas y la empatía facilitan el despliegue de conductas socialmente habilidosas, siendo mayor el impacto de las emociones positivas en comparación a la empatía. Es tos resultados son importantes a la hora de comprender la dinámica de los procesos implicados y de diseñar programas de intervención para promover habilidades sociales en la niñez.The implementation of social skills, such as maintaining eye contact with another person during a conversation, giving and receiving compliments, helping others, sharing something, giving thanks, asking for permission, apologizing, asking for favors, etc. enables the suitable expression of feelings, desires or opinions, promotes successful management of criticism, and minimizes the probability of interpersonal conflict, allowing people to relate to others in an effective and mutually satisfactory way. As social skills are learned and have radical consequences on the social-emotional health of children and adolescents, psychological research has devoted considerable effort to study what factors may facilitate their development and consolidation, as well as other dimensions of social competence such as assertiveness and prosociality. Reviewing the available literature, it can be seen that empathy has been one of the most largely studied personal precursor in relation to child and adolescent social functioning. Empirical research has shown that this variable acts as a strong motivator of prosocial behavior, social responsibility, cooperative conflict resolution, altruistic behavior and general help; while it negatively correlates with social inadequacy, antisocial behavior, aggression and isolation of children and adolescents. Probably for this reason, it is argued that empathy can also be the basis for the establishment of the social skills, and a requirement to properly master these interaction skills. However, although there exists ample evidence of the relationship between empathy and some negative aspects of social skills, such as aggression, there are very few studies that have specifically explored the dynamics between empathy and appropriate social skills. On the other hand, although the predominance of empathy on social functioning is undeniable and its study has been favored by many researchers, some evidence suggets that positive emotions may have a similar powerful influence on the development of certain skills and social skills. Specifically, in the stages of childhood and adolescence, it has been found that joy and sympathy prevent peer rejection; that sympathy and serenity ease assertive and prosocial responses, while decreasing aggressive behaviors; that gratitude is also negatively related to aggression, and that together with personal satisfaction and serenity, it predicts a successful management of interpersonal conflicts. However, while the motivational role of empathy has been widely discussed, the influence of positive emotions on social skills, and specifically on the social skills has not yet reached the attention it deserves. The aim of this study was to include both variables in a model of analysis of variance to investigate the statistical weight that each of them has, and their possible interaction on the appropriate social skills in childhood. A empirical comparative and cross study was developed. This work included 406 Argentine children (227 females and 179 males), mainly between the ages of 10 and 12 years old (M = 11.11; DE = 1.04), who completed the Appropriate Social Skills Subscale of The Matson Evaluation of Social Skills of Youngsters (MESSY) of Matson, Rotatori and Helsel (1983), adapted in Argentinean population by Schulz (2008); The Multidimensional Scale of Empathy for Argentine children, developed by Richaud de Minzi, Lemos & Oros (2013); and the Child Questionnaire of positive emotions, created by Oros (2014). To analyze the joint action of positive emotions and empathy on the appropriate social skills, 3 (high, moderate and low positive emotionality) x 3 (high, moderate and low empathy) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) factorial designs were used. The results indicated that positive emotions and empathy facilitate the performance of socially skilled behaviors, being greater the impact of positive emotions compared to empathy. These results are important in understanding the dynamics of the processes involved, and for the further design of intervention programs to promote social skills in childhood.Fil: Oros, Laura Beatriz. Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata. Secretaria de Politicas del Conocimiento. Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas (sede Posadas); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fontana Nalesso, Andrea. Instituto Superior Adventista de Misiones; Argentin

Effects of dietary restriction on neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases

Recent and accumulating work in experimental animal models and humans shows that diet has a much more pervasive and prominent role than previously thought in modulating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to some of the most common chronic central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Chronic or intermittent food restriction has profound effects in shaping brain and peripheral metabolism, immunity, and gut microbiome biology. Interactions among calorie intake, meal frequency, diet quality, and the gut microbiome modulate specific metabolic and molecular pathways that regulate cellular, tissue, and organ homeostasis as well as inflammation during normal brain aging and CNS neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer\u27s disease, Parkinson\u27s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, among others. This review discusses these findings and their potential application to the prevention and treatment of CNS neuroinflammatory diseases and the promotion of healthy brain aging

Performance and genome-centric metagenomics of thermophilic single and two-stage anaerobic digesters treating cheese wastes

The present research is the first comprehensive study regarding the thermophilic anaerobic degradation of cheese wastewater, which combines the evaluation of different reactor configurations (i.e. single and two-stage continuous stirred tank reactors) on the process efficiency and the in-depth characterization of the microbial community structure using genome-centric metagenomics. Both reactor configurations showed acidification problems under the tested organic loading rates (OLRs) of 3.6 and 2.4 g COD/L-reactor day and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15 days. However, the two-stage design reached a methane yield equal to 95% of the theoretical value, in contrast with the single stage configuration, which reached a maximum of 33% of the theoretical methane yield. The metagenomic analysis identified 22 new population genomes and revealed that the microbial compositions between the two configurations were remarkably different, demonstrating a higher methanogenic biodiversity in the two-stage configuration. In fact, the acidogenic reactor of the serial configuration was almost solely composed by the lactose degrader Bifidobacterium crudilactis UC0001. The predictive functional analyses of the main population genomes highlighted specific metabolic pathways responsible for the AD process and the mechanisms of main intermediates production. Particularly, the acetate accumulation experienced by the single stage configuration was mainly correlated to the low abundant syntrophic acetate oxidizer Tepidanaerobacter acetatoxydans UC0018 and to the absence of aceticlastic methanogens

Up the nose of the beholder? Aesthetic perception in olfaction as a decision-making process

Is the sense of smell a source of aesthetic perception? Traditional philosophical aesthetics has centered on vision and audition but eliminated smell for its subjective and inherently affective character. This article dismantles the myth that olfaction is an unsophisticated sense. It makes a case for olfactory aesthetics by integrating recent insights in neuroscience with traditional expertise about flavor and fragrance assessment in perfumery and wine tasting. My analysis concerns the importance of observational refinement in aesthetic experience. I argue that the active engagement with stimulus features in perceptual processing shapes the phenomenological content, so much so that the perceptual structure of trained smelling varies significantly from naive smelling. In a second step, I interpret the processes that determine such perceptual refinement in the context of neural decision-making processes, and I end with a positive outlook on how research in neuroscience can be used to benefit philosophical aesthetics

CO2-Induced Transcriptional Reorganization: Molecular Basis of Capnophillic Lactic Fermentation in Thermotoga neapolitana

Capnophilic lactic fermentation (CLF) is a novel anaplerotic pathway able to convert sugars to lactic acid (LA) and hydrogen using CO2 as carbon enhancer in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana. In order to give further insights into CLF metabolic networks, we investigated the transcriptional modification induced by CO2 using a RNA-seq approach. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1601 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in an enriched CO2 atmosphere over a total of 1938 genes of the T. neapolitana genome. Transcription of PFOR and LDH genes belonging to the CLF pathway was up-regulated by CO2 together with 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6PGL) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase (EDD) of the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway. The transcriptomic study also revealed up-regulation of genes coding for the flavin-based enzymes NADH-dependent reduced ferredoxin:NADP oxidoreductase (NFN) and NAD-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (RNF) that control supply of reduced ferredoxin and NADH and allow energy conservation-based sodium translocation through the cell membrane. These results support the hypothesis that CO2 induces rearrangement of the central carbon metabolism together with activation of mechanisms that increase availability of the reducing equivalents that are necessary to sustain CLF. In this view, this study reports a first rationale of the molecular basis of CLF in T. neapolitana and provides a list of target genes for the biotechnological implementation of this process

Umgang mit Finanzkrisen aus makroökonomischer Sicht : USA und Europa im Vergleich

Vor rund zehn Jahren löste das Platzen der Immobilienblase in den USA eine Finanzkrise aus. Die Verbreitung von komplexen strukturierten Produkten ist der Grund dafür, dass mit hoch riskanten Hypothekarkrediten besicherte Wertpapiere weltweit in den Büchern der Banken auftauchten. Der Konkurs der amerikanischen Investmentbank Lehman Brothers löste schliesslich den weltweiten Kollaps des Finanzsystems aus. Seither sind die Regierungen und Zentralbanken in den USA und Europa damit beschäftigt, die teils verheerenden Auswirkungen der Krise auf die Finanz- und Realwirtschaft abzufedern. Obwohl die Ziele beider Kontinente die gleichen waren, nämlich die Stabilisierung des Finanzsystems und die Konjunkturankurbelung, scheint es Unterschiede in der Art und Weise zu geben, wie sie mit der Krise umgegangen sind und sich von ihr erholt haben. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Frage, worin die Unterschiede zwischen den USA und Europa im Umgang mit den Folgen der Finanzkrise lagen und inwieweit diese Ansätze zur unterschiedlich raschen Erholung des Finanzsektors beigetragen haben. Bei der Recherche halfen bestehende Sekundärliteratur sowie Desk Research. Zur Darstellung der Zwischenresultate wurden Übersichtstabellen erstellt. Die Nachforschungen ergaben, dass es lediglich Ähnlichkeiten in Bezug auf die kurzfristigen geldpolitischen Massnahmen sowie die Konjunkturprogramme zur Beendigung der Rezession gab. Grosse Unterschiede zeigen sich im Umgang mit den Geldern, die zur Rettung der Finanzbranche zur Verfügung gestellt wurden. Die USA stabilisierten den Bankenmarkt und schufen grössere Finanzinstitute als es sie vor der Krise gab. Europa verzichtete hingegen darauf, wettbewerbsfähige Einheiten und Strukturen zu bilden, sondern beschränkte sich auf die Rettung maroder Banken. Auch die Umsetzung der Regulierungsreform Basel III wurde anders umgesetzt. Während Europa ein one size fits all-Prinzip verfolgt, ersparen die USA den kleinen Banken strengere Vorschriften und konzentrieren sich auf die systemrelevanten Institute. Rund zehn Jahre nach der Finanzkrise haben die US-Banken einen klaren Wettbewerbsvorteil gegenüber der europäischen Konkurrenz. Ausserdem profitieren die USA davon, dass sie mit Microsoft, Amazon, Apple, Google und Facebook die fünf weltweit wertvollsten Unternehmen der digitalen Wirtschaft besitzen. Mittlerweile hat die Fed bereits wieder begonnen, die Zinsen anzuheben, während in Europa immer noch die Null- oder sogar Negativzinspolitik verfolgt wird. Es scheint, als sei es den Amerikanern besser gelungen, die Krise zu bewältigen

Contribution of proteomics to understanding the role of tumor-derived exosomes in cancer progression: State of the art and new perspectives

Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles (40–100 nm diameter) of endocytic origin released from different cell types under both normal and pathological conditions. They function as cell free messengers, playing a relevant role in the cell–cell communication that is strongly related to the nature of the molecules (proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids) that they transport. Tumor cells actively shed exosomes into their surrounding microenvironment and growing evidence indicates that these vesicles have pleiotropic functions in the regulation of tumor progression, promoting immune escape, tumor invasion, neovascularization, and metastasis. During the last few years remarkable efforts have been made to obtain an accurate definition of the protein content of tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) by applying MS-based proteomic technologies. To date, TDEs proteomic studies have been mainly utilized to catalog TDEs proteins with the purpose of identifying disease biomarkers. The future challenge for improving our understanding and characterization of TDEs will be the implementation of new systemsdriven and proteomic integrative strategies. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the most characterized exosomes-mediated mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and to review recent proteomics data that support the protumorigenic role of TDEs

Araucariácea nativa de argentina : estado de conservación y características del recurso forestal Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch

La familia Araucariáceas está representada en Argentina por el género Araucaria; A. araucana se encuentra distribuida naturalmente al sur restringida a un clima extremo y aunque ha encontrado condiciones agroclimáticas únicas para prosperar, el grave estado de conservación en que se encuentran, peligra la perpetuidad no solo de ella sino también del ecosistema que la alberga, ya que contribuye a mantener un equilibrio ecológico único. El presente trabajo describe las características ecológicas de la especie y resume los aspectos más relevantes del estado de conservación y hábitat de este representante nativo de un género tan emblemático, ya que solo a través del conocimiento del patrimonio que poseemos es posible implementar acciones para su conservación, protección e integración de las comunidades locales en dicha actividades.The Araucariaceae family in Argentina is represented by the genus Araucaria; A. araucana is naturally distributed to the south restricted to extreme weather and although it has found unique growing conditions to thrive, severe condition they are in, endangered the perpetuity not only her but also the ecosystem that houses it, as it helps to maintain a unique ecological balance. This paper describes the ecological characteristics of the species and summarizes the most relevant aspects of the conservation status and habitat of this native representative of as emblematic genre; because only through knowledge of the heritage we have is possible to implement actions for their conservation, protection and integration of local communities in such activities.Fil: Goth, Silvia A.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, María Laura. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Luna, Claudia Verónica. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentin